Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming defence capabilities worldwide. Concurrently, quantum technologies quantum computing (QC), quantum sensing, and quantum communications promise paradigm-shifting advantages and corresponding strategic risks. This article examines how India can combine AI/ML with quantum computing to create a resilient, sovereign, and strategically advantageous defence posture. It surveys existing Indian policy and institutional initiatives, outlines defence-relevant applications (secure communications, decision-support, sensing, cryptography/post-quantum resilience), analyses technical and organizational challenges, and presents a practical national roadmap with recommendations across R&D, industry, procurement, workforce development, and governance. The article argues that an integrated AI–Quantum strategy, rooted in the National Quantum Mission and responsible AI frameworks, can deliver asymmetric advantages for India’s national security while maintaining democratic values and operational safety.(DoST, n.d.)
Keywords: quantum computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, defence strategy, National Quantum Mission, India, post-quantum cryptography
