Abstract
The evolution of dual-use technology and infrastructure necessitates a paradigm shift in military modernisation. China’s Military-Civil Fusion (MCF) strategy offers a compelling model for leveraging civilian innovation to rapidly advance defence capabilities. This paper analyses the strategic implications of China’s MCF for India, arguing that India’s armed forces must transition from mere technology consumers to active innovators. By examining China’s MCF framework, the study identifies crucial lessons for fostering civil-military collaboration and enhancing indigenous defence R&D in India. The paper proposes policy recommendations and structural reforms to recalibrate India’s defence innovation ecosystem, ensuring strategic autonomy and competitiveness in the era of disruptive warfare.
Keywords: Military-Civil Fusion (MCF), Innovation for Defence Excellence ( iDEX), Dual-use, Indian Armed Forces
