Abstract
Electronic Warfare (EW) has evolved from a combat support function into a decisive enabler of Joint and Multi-Domain Operations (MDO), with control of the electromagnetic spectrum emerging as a prerequisite for information and decision superiority. This paper argues that future conflicts will be characterised by intense competition for spectrum dominance, driven by the convergence of EW, Cyber operations, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Autonomous systems, Space capabilities, and Cognitive Electronic Warfare. Drawing on lessons from Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, the Middle East , and recent Indian operational experience, it highlights the growing importance of Cyber-Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA), Counter-drone capabilities, AI-enabled spectrum management, and resilient command-and-control systems. The paper recommends a comprehensive transformation of India’s EW capability through joint doctrine, integrated theatre-level structures, indigenous technological innovation, enhanced professional military education, and closer integration of EW with cyber, space, intelligence, and information operations to achieve sustained spectrum dominance in future warfare.
