Abstract
This paper examines the policy and security implications of the U.S. decision to allow Nvidia’s H20 AI chip exports to China after an initial ban. The reversal, following direct engagement between Nvidia and U.S. leadership, reflects the tension between economic interests and strategic risk. China’s Cyberspace Administration has raised concerns about potential “backdoors” in the chips, allegations denied by Nvidia. At the same time, U.S. lawmakers are advancing proposals such as the Chip Security Act, which would require export-controlled AI chips to include tracking or deactivation features. These developments underscore the challenges of managing trust in technology supply chains, balancing innovation with national security, and navigating the risks of deeper U.S.–China technological separation.
Keywords: Nvidia H20 chips, U.S.–China, H20 backdoor, Chip Security Act, AI export controls, technology supply chains.
